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Microstructural and mechanical evaluations of SAW by manufactured granular basic bonded Cr, Mo, and Cr–Mo active fluxes on ST37 low carbon steel

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Abstract

Bead-on-plate submerged arc welding was conducted on St37 steel by manufactured Cr, Mo, and Cr–Mo active basic fluxes produced via the unfused bonded method. The base metal heat-affected zone and weld metal (WM) microstructures were identified and characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, each element’s recovery rate (η) and slag factor (α) determine the amount of element transferred from flux into WM. Then, the ferrite morphologies volume fraction of WMs was measured. Moreover, the chemical analysis of slag and inclusions was evaluated by point scan energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and extensively discussed. The  number density and size of the inclusions as well as  their effects on the acicular ferrite (AF) formation were also elaborated. Then, the WMs’ longitudinal tensile strength and Vickers hardness (HV) were measured. Finally, the Charpy V-notch test was conducted to determine the impact toughness; the fracture surfaces were investigated, as well.

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Acknowledgements

All persons who have made substantial contributions to the work reported in the manuscript (e.g., technical help, writing and editing assistance, general support), but who do not meet the criteria for authorship, are named in the Acknowledgements and have given us their written permission to be named. If we have not included an Acknowledgements, then that indicates that we have not received substantial contributions from non-authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, 14588, P.O. box 11365-9466, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdi Alishavandi, Mahdi Mohammadmirzaei & Amir Hossein Kokabi

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Mahnam Ebadi

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  1. Mahdi Alishavandi
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All persons who meet authorship criteria are listed as authors, and all authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, design, analysis, writing, or revision of the manuscript. Furthermore, each author certifies that this material or similar material has not been and will not be submitted to or published in any other publication before its appearance in the Welding Journal.

Category 1

Conception and design of study: AHK, MA.

Acquisition of data: MA, MM, ME.

Analysis and/or interpretation of data: MA, MM, ME.

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Drafting the manuscript: MA, MM, ME.

Revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content: AHK, MA.

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Correspondence to Amir Hossein Kokabi.

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Alishavandi, M., Mohammadmirzaei, M., Ebadi, M. et al. Microstructural and mechanical evaluations of SAW by manufactured granular basic bonded Cr, Mo, and Cr–Mo active fluxes on ST37 low carbon steel. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 119, 6335–6347 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08238-1

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